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1.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(1): e022720, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156218

ABSTRACT

Abstract Slaughter condemnations are important sources of information on cattle health. The incidence of bovine parasitic diseases is still very high in Brazil. These diseases, in addition to causing harm to the animals health, are neglected zoonotic diseases in several parts of world. The study analysed not only the Carcass losses, but also the economic damage resulting from slaughter condemnations due to parasitic causes. Cattle slaughter data from the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), over the period of 2012 to 2015 and data from the Secretary of Livestock and Irrigation of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPI-RS) were analyzed between 2014 and 2018.The number of organs and carcasses condemned was multiplied by the respective values (in Brazilian Real) obtained from slaughterhouses and subsequently converted into dollars. Brazilian analysis in SIF (Federal Inspection System) establishments showed that more than 1.2 million organs (3,884,505 kg) and 20,000 carcasses (4,547,718 kg) were condemned only due to parasitic causes during post-mortem inspection. In Rio Grande do Sul, in state inspection establishments, more than 1.7 million organs (8,210,559 kg) and 5,000 carcasses (1,243,200 kg) were condemned. These data are alarming and support the need for public policies to control these parasitic diseases.


Resumo Condenações durante o abate são importantes fontes de informação sobre a sanidade dos rebanhos. Ainda são altas as incidências de doenças parasitárias, as quais trazem consequências à saúde dos animais, são zoonoses e têm sua importância negligenciada em diversos países. O estudo objetivou quantificar não apenas as perdas encontradas, mas o prejuízo econômico resultante das condenações ao abate por causas parasitárias. Para isso foram analisados dados de abate de bovinos do Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, no período de 2012 a 2015, e dados da Secretaria da Agricultura Pecuária e Irrigação, do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2014 a 2018. A quantidade de órgãos e carcaças condenados foi multiplicada pelos respectivos valores (em Reais), obtidos da indústria frigorífica e, posteriormente, convertidos para dólar. A análise brasileira de estabelecimentos com SIF (Serviço de Inspeção Federal) mostrou que mais de 1,2 milhão de órgãos (3.884.505 kg) e 20 mil carcaças (4.547.718 kg) foram condenados devido a causas parasitárias durante a inspeção. No estado do Rio Grande do Sul, nos estabelecimentos de inspeção estadual, foram condenados mais de 1,7 milhão de órgãos (8.210.559 kg) e 5 mil carcaças (1.243.200 kg). Os dados são alarmantes e ressaltam a necessidade de políticas públicas para controlar estas parasitoses.


Subject(s)
Animals , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/complications , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/economics , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Abattoirs/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Cattle , Zoonoses/economics , Zoonoses/epidemiology
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 38(12): 2217-2223, dez. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-976433

ABSTRACT

Vernonia rubricaulis is a hepatotoxic plant found in the Pantanal biome. Under natural conditions, it is responsible for highly fatal poisonings in cattle. From January 1999 to December 2016, 33 outbreaks of V. rubricaulis poisoning were recorded, resulting in 1509 bovine deaths, of which 719 (47.6%) were adult females, 413 (27.4%) were adult males, 244 (16.2%) adult cattle with no information about sex and 133 (8.8%) calves. The coefficients of morbidity, mortality and lethality were respectively 2.79%, 2.77% and 99.24%. Most outbreaks occurred in properties containing up to 1,000 cattle, where the most significant economic impacts were also observed. Among the total recorded deaths, the total direct monetary loss was estimated at US$764,893.33, which represents an average of 3.05% of the total assets (US$25,090,683.51) of the herds involved in the outbreaks. The plant can cause more severe damage to properties with less than 500 cattle, and can reach 50% of the total value of the herd. In comparison to other methods, the methodology used in this study has an economic impact consistent with reality, not overestimating the losses. Toxic plants, such as V. rubricaulis, can cause significant economic losses in the extensive systemic livestock, and it is important decision-making and prophylactic management to avoid the occurrence of poisoning in the herds.(AU)


Vernonia rubricaulis é uma planta hepatotóxica encontrada no bioma Pantanal. Em condições naturais, é responsável por intoxicações altamente fatais em bovinos. De janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2016, foram registrados 33 surtos de intoxicação por V. rubricaulis em bovinos que resultaram em 1509 mortes, sendo 719 (47,6%) fêmeas adultas, 413 (27,4%) machos adultos, 244 (16,2%) bovinos adultos sem informação sobre o sexo e 133 (8,8%) bezerros. Os coeficientes de morbidade, mortalidade e letalidade foram respectivamente de 2,79%, 2,77% e 99,24%. A maioria dos surtos ocorreu em propriedades contendo até mil bovinos, onde também foram constatados os impactos econômicos mais significativos. Do total das mortes registradas, o prejuízo monetário direto total foi calculado em US$764.893,33, o que representa em média 3,05% do total do patrimônio (US$25.090.683,51) dos rebanhos envolvidos nos surtos. A planta pode causar prejuízos mais severos em propriedades com menos de 500 bovinos, podendo chegar a 50% do total do valor do rebanho. Em comparação aos outros métodos, a metodologia utilizada neste estudo afere um impacto econômico condizente com a realidade, não superestimando os prejuízos. Plantas tóxicas, como a V. rubricaulis, podem causar prejuízos econômicos significativos na pecuária extensiva, sendo importantes tomadas de decisões e manejos profiláticos para evitar a ocorrência de intoxicação nos rebanhos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Plant Poisoning/veterinary , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/economics , Mortality , Vernonia/poisoning
3.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 23(2): 150-156, 06/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-714786

ABSTRACT

The profitability of livestock activities can be diminished significantly by the effects of parasites. Economic losses caused by cattle parasites in Brazil were estimated on an annual basis, considering the total number of animals at risk and the potential detrimental effects of parasitism on cattle productivity. Estimates in U.S. dollars (USD) were based on reported yield losses among untreated animals and reflected some of the effects of parasitic diseases. Relevant parasites that affect cattle productivity in Brazil, and their economic impact in USD billions include: gastrointestinal nematodes - $7.11; cattle tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) - $3.24; horn fly (Haematobia irritans) - $2.56; cattle grub (Dermatobia hominis) - $0.38; New World screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - $0.34; and stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) - $0.34. The combined annual economic loss due to internal and external parasites of cattle in Brazil considered here was estimated to be at least USD 13.96 billion. These findings are discussed in the context of methodologies and research that are required in order to improve the accuracy of these economic impact assessments. This information needs to be taken into consideration when developing sustainable policies for mitigating the impact of parasitism on the profitability of Brazilian cattle producers.


A rentabilidade da atividade pecuária pode ser diminuída significativamente pelos efeitos dos parasitos que afetam o gado. As perdas econômicas causadas pelos parasitos dos bovinos, no Brasil, foram estimadas em uma base anual, considerando-se o número total de animais em risco e os efeitos negativos do parasitismo sobre a produtividade do gado. Estimativas em dólares baseiam-se em perdas de rendimento conhecidas em animais não tratados, e refletem alguns dos efeitos de doenças parasitárias. Aqui, tais perdas são referidas como perdas potenciais. Parasitos relevantes que afetam o bem-estar do gado e a produtividade no Brasil e seu impacto econômico em dólares incluem: nematódeos gastrintestinais - $7,11 bilhões; carrapato bovino (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) - $3,24 bilhões; mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans) - $2,56 bilhões; berne (Dermatobia hominis) - $0,38 bilhões; mosca-da-bicheira (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - $0,34 bilhões; e a mosca-dos-estábulos (Stomoxys calcitrans) - $0,34 bilhões. A perda econômica anual combinada, devido aos parasitos internos e externos dos bovinos aqui listados, foi estimada em pelo menos $13,96 bilhões. Tais resultados são discutidos no contexto de metodologias e pesquisas necessárias, como a que envolve os efeitos da resistência aos parasiticidas de uso veterinário, para melhorar a precisão de tais avaliações de impacto econômico. Essa informação deve ser considerada pelos tomadores de decisão para influenciar programas de investigação e regulação, a fim de desenvolver políticas sustentáveis que reduzam o impacto do parasitismo sobre a rentabilidade dos pecuaristas brasileiros.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Husbandry/economics , Cattle Diseases/economics , Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Cattle/parasitology , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/economics , Brazil
4.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(6): 759-764, June 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-680792

ABSTRACT

Brucellosis is an important zoonosis of worldwide distribution. Reliable epidemiologic brucellosis data covering approximately 90% of the cattle population in Brazil have been recently published. Therefore, considering the scarcity of information regarding the economic impact of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, the goal of this study was to estimate economic impact of brucellosis on the Brazilian cattle industry. Several parameters including abortion and perinatal mortality rates, temporary infertility, replacement costs, mortality, veterinary costs, milk and meat losses were considered in the model. Bovine brucellosis in Brazil results in an estimated loss of R$ 420,12 or R$ 226,47 for each individual dairy or beef infected female above 24 months of age, respectively. The total estimated losses in Brazil attributed to bovine brucellosis were estimated to be approximately R$ 892 million (equivalent to about 448 million American dollars). Every 1% increase or decrease in prevalence is expected to increase or decrease the economic burden of brucellosis in approximately 155 million Reais.


A brucelose é uma zoonose de importância mundial. Recentes dados epidemiológicos dessa doença foram obtidos por meio de estudos que abrangeram em torno de 90% do rebanho bovino do Brasil. Observa-se escassez de informações sobre o impacto econômico causado pela brucelose bovina, portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar as perdas econômicas na pecuária brasileira. Gastos relacionados com as ocorrências de abortos, natimortos, subfertilidade, descartes involuntários, mortalidade, intervenções veterinárias, diminuição da produção de leite e de carne, foram considerados nos cálculos. As perdas devidas à brucelose bovina no Brasil foram estimadas em R$ 420,12 ou R$ 226,47 para cada fêmea infectada acima de 24 meses de idade em rebanhos de leite ou corte, respectivamente. O prejuízo total estimado foi de, aproximadamente, R$ 892 milhões (equivalentes a $ 448 milhões de dólares americanos). A cada 1% de variação na prevalência, estima-se a variação de 155 milhões de reais no custo da brucelose bovina no Brasil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Brucella abortus , Cattle Diseases/economics , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Zoonoses/epidemiology
5.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 20(1): 49-53, jan.-mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-608265

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to evaluate the economic losses and temporal distribution of the prevalence of liver condemnation due to bovine fasciolosis. The abattoir in Atílio Vivácqua, in the South of the State of Espírito Santo, which is under state inspection by the veterinary service of the Livestock and Forest Protection Institute of Espírito Santo, was used as the data source. The prevalence of liver condemnation due to fasciolosis over the period 2006-2009 was calculated. The χ2 test, simple linear regression analysis and χ2 for trend were used, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Over the period analyzed, 110,956 cattle were slaughtered and the prevalence of liver condemnation due to Fasciola hepatica was 15.24 percent in 2006, 23.93 percent in 2007, 28.57 percent in 2008 and 28.24 percent in 2009. The historical trend of liver condemnation is an increasing trend, thus indicating that this parasitism has become established in the herd as a problem in this region, with prevalence similar to that of traditionally endemic regions. Condemnations occurred throughout the year, with the highest prevalence in April and May and with significant differences between the dry and wet seasons. The economic losses from liver condemnation can be considered high.


O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as perdas econômicas e a distribuição temporal da prevalência de condenação de fígados bovinos devido a fasciolose. O matadouro frigorífico de Atílio Vivácqua, no sul do Estado do Espírito Santo, com inspeção estadual, realizada por médico veterinário vinculado ao Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal do Espírito Santo, foi utilizado como fonte de dados. A prevalência de condenação de fígados por fasciolose no período de 2006-2009 foi calculada. O teste do χ2, a análise de regressão linear simples e o χ2 para tendência foram utilizados, considerando-se o nível de significância p < 0,05. No período analisado foram abatidos 110.956 bovinos, observando-se prevalências de condenação de fígados por Fasciola hepatica, de 15,24 por cento em 2006, 23,93 por cento em 2007, 28,57 por cento em 2008 e de 28,24 por cento em 2009. A tendência histórica da condenação de fígados é crescente, indicando que este parasitismo estabeleceu-se no rebanho como um problema na região com prevalência similar a de regiões tradicionalmente endêmicas. As condenações ocorreram o ano todo com maior prevalência nos meses de abril e maio e com diferenças significativas entre os períodos seco e chuvoso. As perdas econômicas devido a condenação de fígados podem ser consideradas altas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Abattoirs/statistics & numerical data , Cattle Diseases/economics , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Fascioliasis/veterinary , Liver , Brazil , Costs and Cost Analysis , Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Fascioliasis/economics , Fascioliasis/epidemiology , Time Factors
6.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 283-288, 2007.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-200800

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effects of the herd, cowparity, the insemination protocol and season on the incidenceof pregnancy loss (PL) in dairy herds. Furthermore, wedetermined the downstream effects of PL on reproductiveperformance and its economic impact. The overallincidence rate of PL was 6.9% in 1,001 pregnant cows andits incidence peaked (p<0.01) during the second trimesterof gestation. GLIMMIX analysis revealed that cow paritywas the important risk factor for the PL. The odds ratioshowed that the likelihood of PL in cows with parities of 1or 2 was decreased by 0.6 or 0.5 fold compared to the cowswith a parity of 3 or higher. Following PL, the mean rateof endometritis was 23.2% and endometritis was morecommon (p<0.05) when PL occurred during the thirdtrimester than during the first and second trimesters. Themean culling rate was 46.4% and this did not differ withthe period of PL. The overall mean intervals from PL tothe first service and conception were 63.4 and 101.8 days,respectively. The mean interval from PL to first servicewas longer (p<0.01) for cows with PL during the thirdtrimester than for the cows with PL during the first andsecond trimesters. The economic loss resulting from eachPL was estimated at approximately $2,333, and this waslargely due to an extended calving interval and increasedculling. These results suggest that cow parity affects theincidence of PL, which extends calving interval and causessevere economic loss of dairy herds.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Female , Pregnancy , Abortion, Veterinary/economics , Cattle Diseases/economics , Dairying/methods , Endometritis/epidemiology , Incidence , Insemination , Korea/epidemiology , Parity
7.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1998 Dec; 29(4): 706-13
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-30999

ABSTRACT

The World Bank Loan Project for schistosomiasis in China commenced field activities in 1992. In this paper, we describe disease control strategies for levels of different endemicity, and estimate unit costs and total expenditure of screening, treatment (cattle and humans) and snail control for 8 provinces where Schistosoma japonicum infection is endemic. Overall, we estimate that more than 21 million US dollars were spent on field activities during the first three years of the project. Mollusciciding (43% of the total expenditure) and screening (28% of the total) are estimated to have the most expensive field activities. However, despite the expense of screening, a simple model predicts that selective chemotherapy could have been cheaper than mass chemotherapy in areas where infection prevalence was higher than 15%, which was the threshold for mass chemotherapy intervention. It is concluded that considerable cost savings could be made in the future by narrowing the scope of snail control activities, redefining the threshold infection prevalence for mass chemotherapy, defining smaller administrative units, and developing rapid assessment tools.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/economics , China/epidemiology , Disease Reservoirs , Disease Vectors , Drug Therapy/economics , Endemic Diseases , Health Expenditures , Helminthiasis, Animal/economics , Humans , Mass Screening/economics , Models, Econometric , Pest Control/economics , Preventive Health Services/economics , Schistosomiasis/economics , Snails , United Nations
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